Q: Aside from common colds and the flu, what other illnesses should I be prepared for during the winter?

A: With winter comes three potentially serious respiratory infections affecting young children. They are RSV (respiratory syncytial virus) causing bronchiolitis, pertussis (also known as whooping cough), and the various strains of influenza.

This month, I will focus on RSV (bronchiolitis). Bronchiolitis is caused by the RSV virus that can affect all ages of humans. However, it affects children under two (2) years of age most seriously. This infection can result in significantly compromising the lung ability to effectively oxygenate blood and in turn, prevent the body's tissues from receiving sufficient oxygen. Not infrequently, infants require hospitalization for supportive care which may include oxygen, I.V. fluids and medication to open up the airways and improve respiratory effectiveness.

Premature infants are especially prone to the serious complications of RSV. They can be protected by a series of immunizations that can be given monthly from October to March. Fortunately, most children are able to do well with home care. The treatment is supportive with oral fluids, humidity, and sometimes nebulized bronchodilators.

As is the case with all infectious illnesses, the best way to prevent transmission of RSV is by employing good hygiene and, most importantly, GOOD HANDWASHING. In addition, limiting daycare and preschool children's attendance to only kids who are apparently healthy and washing shared toys, pillows and blankets regularly will decrease the likelihood of disease spread.

Older children and adults can also get RSV. This presents as a persistent, long lasting winter cold and cough.

As with all respiratory viruses, antibiotics are ineffective in treating the disease and should be avoided unless bacterial complications are present.

Kenneth R. Keer, M.D., is a board certified pediatrician who has been practicing medicine in Southern California for more than 35 years. The information provided in his columns is general information that is not intended as individual advice for a particular child. Please consult your own pediatrician for advice on treating your child. To send questions to Dr. Keer, write to drkeer@familymanonline.com.